Learning Objectives

Syllabus Statements

• In some power stations an energy source is used to heat water. The steam produced drives a turbine that is coupled to an electrical generator.

• Energy sources include:

  •  the fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) which are burned to heat water or air

  • uranium and plutonium, when energy from nuclear fission is used to heat water

  • biofuels that can be burned to heat water.

• Water and wind can be used to drive turbines directly.

• Electricity can be produced directly from the Sun’s radiation.

•  In some volcanic areas hot water and steam rise to the surface. The steam can be tapped and used to drive turbines. This is known as geothermal energy.

• Small-scale production of electricity may be useful in some areas and for some uses, eg hydroelectricity in remote areas and solar cells for roadside signs.

• Using different energy resources has different effects on the environment. These effects include:

  •  the release of substances into the atmosphere

  • the production of waste materials

  • noise and visual pollution

  • the destruction of wildlife habitats.

Key Questions

• What is the difference between a coal-fired and a nuclear power station?

• What are the alternatives to fossil fuels?

Key Words

Fossil Fuel, Power Station, Nuclear Alternative, (Renewable) Energy